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GEO UPDATE

Announcing the GEO Carbon Community of Practice

By Roger Dargaville, University of Melbourne; Leonard Barrie, World Meteorological Organization; James Butler, US National Oceanographic and Aeronautics Administration; Philippe Ciais, CNRS/CEA; and Han Dolman, VU University Amsterdam

The GEO Carbon Community of Practice has been established as an open group of scientists, program managers, funding agencies and policy makers with an interest in observing and understanding the global carbon cycle. The group will discuss the way forward for the carbon observing system and facilitate communication between those making observations and those developing models for making sense of the carbon cycle’s complexity.

This newest Community of Practice is a continuation of the IGOS-P Carbon Theme, which covers the entire carbon cycle including atmosphere, terrestrial and ocean domains. It integrates the already significant coordination efforts of groups such as Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW), the International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP), FLUXNet, the Global Carbon Project (GCP), the Global Terrestrial Observing System (GTOS), CarboEurope, the Coordinated Action Carbon Observing System (COCOS), the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS), the North American Carbon Program (NACP) and many others.

The Carbon Community of Practice serves the implementation needs of the strategies published in the IGOS-P Carbon Theme Report (2002) and the IGACO-GHG Atmospheric Chemistry Theme Report (2004). Since then the networks have expanded and the technology available has improved dramatically. The Community of Practice will therefore produce a new GEO Carbon Report during 2009 outlining how far we have come and what steps still need to be taken.

Measuring the carbon cycle

Hot charcoal  

Measuring and understanding the global carbon cycle is of critical importance for predicting future levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and for estimating spatial distributions of the net exchange of carbon between the atmosphere and the Earth’s surface. The oceans and continents have absorbed about half of the carbon that has been emitted into the atmosphere from burning fossil fuel, but the way in which this ratio will change in the future is not well understood. Factors such as the ‘CO2 fertilization effect’ and longer growing seasons due to warming could enhance the uptake, while increased soil respiration, changing fire regimes, drought, thawing permafrost, and warming oceans could either decrease the natural sink or increase sources, in some cases, dramatically.

Only through observing the reservoirs and understanding fluxes among the land, ocean and atmosphere can we fully determine the response of the carbon cycle to climate variability. As carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are distributed throughout the atmosphere, observations need to be three dimensional. Furthermore, observations and models must be integrated in order to optimize the full power of observations.

Atmospheric carbon observations include the in situ and total-column, surface-based observations, aircraft observations (from commercial platforms such as JAL and CARIBIC and routine dedicated flights such as NOAA) and satellite observations (SCIAMACHY, AIRS, GOSAT). The WMO-Global Atmosphere Watch is the international framework for coordinating atmospheric observations, calibration, data quality objectives, and data management to fulfill various requirements of users such as those of inversion models for carbon tracking.

Land-air exchange observations over forests, grasslands and crops are made through a network of flux towers (coordinated through FLUXNet). Forest inventories measure changes in stocks over timescales of decades. Future space missions may be able to measure terrestrial forest carbon by P-band active radar, and concentration profiles retrieved using active LIDAR. Measurements of in situ atmospheric, surface water pCO2 and deep-water inorganic and organic carbon are made by ships of opportunity and research ships (coordinated through IOCCP).

In addition to the observation strategies, the Carbon Community of Practice will discuss the way forward to improve the integration of the observations using sophisticated modeling techniques (i.e. Carbon Cycle Data Assimilation System (CCDAS), Global Earth System Monitoring (GEMS) and CarbonTracker). Data management and sharing policies will also be addressed.

Latest News 

GEO newsletter

GEO News Issue #17
(13 December 2011)

 

Outcome of GEO's side event at UNFCCC/COP 17, Durban, South Africa

 

GEO-VIII Plenary accepts new GEO 2012-2015 Work Plan

The Scientific and Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) hosted the GEO-VIII Plenary in Istanbul on 16 and 17 November. The Plenary's 380+ participants accepted the new GEO 2012-2015 Work Plan and the new Work Plan management structure. They also welcomed the recent improvements to the GEOSS Common Infrastructure, which now provides access to millions of data sets and information products through the GEO Portal. This includes the GEOSS Data-CORE, a distributed pool of documented datasets with full, open and unrestricted access at no more than the cost of reproduction and distribution. Other important outcomes of the meeting included an assessment and review of the progress made to date on GEOSS implementation, acceptance of the GEO Global Forest Observations Initiative (GFOI) Implementation Plan, and the launch of a process for defining the post-2015 phase of GEOSS. The review of the GEO-VIII Meeting Outcomes is available here

 

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GEOSS in the Americas Symposium

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Official review ends for GEO 2012-2015 Work Plan

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Nominations invited for Will T. Pecora Award

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GEO releases report on global water quality monitoring

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Beijing Ministerial adopts Declaration

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Beijing showcase videos now available

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Earth Observation Summit Endorses Global Data Sharing

Science magazine reported from Beijing on the GEO Ministerial; read the article here.

 

NASA sends cost-free data to African scientists

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SERVIR-Himalaya launched in Kathmandu

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Get Connected Online to the "Earth Observation Symposium" and other events in Kathmandu 1-7 October 2010

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China, Secretariat brief Geneva diplomats on Beijing Ministerial

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UK GEO Co-ordination Project Launched

Four of the UK organisations with a significant stake in building GEOSS have come together to develop the UK's strategy for involvement in GEO. This will be achieved through a jointly funded UK GEO Co-ordination Project. See the article here.

 

Nature cites GEO BON value for biodiversity assessment

An editorial in the prestigious science publication Nature has recognized the GEO Biodiversity Observation Network as a crucial mechanism for supporting the proposed Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). See the article here.

 

GEO BON launches Implementation Plan

The Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network (GEO BON) has released its detailed, 175-page Implementation Plan for a coordinated global campaign to gather and share information on biodiversity, provide tools for data integration and analysis, and contribute to improved environmental management and human well-being. For more information, see the Technical Summary, Detailed Implementation Plan, and press release.

 

GEO participates in Shanghai Expo

The MeteoWorld Pavilion was officially unveiled on 9 May by the World Meteorological Organization, the China Meteorological Administration, EUMETSAT and GEO at the Shanghai Expo Park, Shanghai, China. Read full story

 

EnerGEO launches newsletter

As reported earlier in GEO News, the EnerGEO project (Earth Observation for monitoring and assessment of the environmental impact of energy use) started last November with support from the European Commission. The first issue of the EnerGEO newsletter is now available. To subscribe, please visit the EnerGEO website.

 

GEO applauds JAXA data on Haiti, Chile earthquakes

The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) has provided essential ALOS/PALSAR satellite data to international scientists whose analyses support the emergency teams responding to the major earthquakes in Haiti, on 12 January, and Chile, on 27 February. Read full story here

 

WCRP announces Open Science Conference

The World Climate Research Programme will host a major international Open Science Conference in Denver, Colorado, USA in October 2011. The conference will bring together major disciplines and leaders of the Earth system research community to identify opportunities for advancing scientific understanding and prediction of climate variability and change from seasons to centuries, and from the regional to the global levels. Details are available on the conference website.